C1 darajadagi inglizcha so'zlar

The formal putting an end to something.

The abolition of slavery was a historic event.

The quality of dealing with ideas not concrete reality.

Art can express powerful abstractions.

In a way that is appropriate.

Act accordingly when given instructions.

The quality of being correct.

Accuracy in data is essential.

Action to bring about political or social change.

Student activism helped to change the university's policy.

Refusing to change your mind despite pressure.

The minister remained adamant that the new law was necessary.

Very skilled at doing something difficult.

She is adept at explaining complex ideas in simple words.

Attachment to a practice or belief.

Strict adherence to rules ensures quality.

Used to admit that something is true.

Admittedly, the course is difficult, but it is worth it.

Progress or development.

Advancements in medicine save lives.

Involving opposing sides.

The adversarial legal system challenges both sides.

An opponent in a contest or conflict.

The two companies have been fierce adversaries for many years.

Difficulties or misfortune.

She overcame great adversity.

Support for a cause or policy.

Environmental advocacy is growing.

To publicly recommend something.

Teachers advocate for smaller classes.

Concerned with beauty and art.

The museum focuses on aesthetic design.

Official connection with a group.

His university affiliation is Oxford.

A natural liking for or connection with something.

Many children show an affinity for music from an early age.

To make worse.

Stress aggravates the condition.

A total formed from many parts.

The aggregate score was high.

To campaign actively for change, or to worry someone.

Workers began to agitate for shorter hours and better pay.

A minor illness.

She suffers from a chronic ailment.

Although, used to add a contrast.

The plan worked, albeit slowly.

To make people feel distant, unwelcome or unfriendly.

Harsh criticism may alienate the very people you want to help.

Isolation from society or community.

Economic inequality leads to social alienation.

A claim without proof.

He denied the allegations against him.

Claimed to be true but not yet proved.

The alleged thief was arrested outside the station last night.

Loyalty to a person or cause.

Citizens pledge allegiance to the nation.

A story with a hidden meaning.

The novel is an allegory for power.

To make pain or a problem less severe.

The fund alleviates rural poverty.

Unselfish concern for others.

Altruism drives charitable giving.

The quality of being open to more than one meaning.

Legal texts should avoid ambiguity.

Having mixed feelings about something.

She felt ambivalent about moving.

To increase the volume or importance.

Technology amplifies the impact of ideas.

Comparable in certain respects.

The two situations are analogous.

A comparison to explain something.

He explained it with a helpful analogy.

Belief in abolishing government.

Anarchism rejects all forms of authority.

The structure of living organisms.

Medical students study human anatomy.

Loss of sensation during surgery.

General anesthesia is used for major surgery.

To bring to life.

Music can animate a dull speech.

A note added to a text.

Add annotations to the key passages.

Something different from what is expected.

The scientist noticed an anomaly in the data.

Active opposition or hostility.

Antagonism between groups led to conflict.

To make someone angry or hostile toward you.

The tax proposal antagonized many small business owners.

Equipment needed for a particular activity.

The laboratory apparatus was carefully arranged.

As far as one can judge.

Apparently, the meeting was cancelled.

Anxiety about a future event.

There was apprehension before the results.

Worried that something unpleasant may happen.

She felt apprehensive before her first day at university.

Taking something for one's own use.

Cultural appropriation raises ethical questions.

Suitable for the situation, or likely to do something.

Bittersweet is an apt description of the film's ending.

A natural ability to learn or do something.

He showed a real aptitude for mathematics at school.

Suitable for growing crops.

Arable land is decreasing due to erosion.

Land suitable for growing crops.

Arable land is decreasing globally.

Based on random choice, not reason.

The decision seemed arbitrary and unfair.

To settle a dispute as an independent judge.

A neutral lawyer was hired to arbitrate the dispute.

Very old or old-fashioned.

Archaic language makes texts hard to read.

A typical example of something.

She is the archetype of a dedicated teacher.

Involving great effort.

The trek was arduous but rewarding.

To express ideas clearly.

He articulated his position well.

To find out for certain.

Ascertain the exact cause first.

A confident and forceful statement.

His assertion lacks supporting evidence.

Confident and direct in expressing your opinions.

Being assertive helps you negotiate a fairer salary.

To absorb information or blend into a new culture.

It takes time to assimilate so much new information.

Lack of equality between parts.

The power asymmetry weakened negotiations.

An extremely cruel and shocking act.

The report documents atrocities committed during the long war.

To say that something is caused by something else.

She attributes her success to persistence.

To say something is caused by.

They attribute the growth to reform.

Regarding something as being caused by.

Attribution of success to effort motivates students.

Gradual reduction through sustained pressure.

Staff attrition increases hiring costs.

Showing a willingness to take bold risks.

The architect presented an audacious design for the new bridge.

To make something larger by adding.

Grants augment the school budget.

Difficult economic conditions with restrictions.

Government austerity measures cut spending.

The use of machines to do work previously done by people.

Automation has transformed manufacturing industries.

Acting independently without control.

The robot operates autonomously.

The right to govern yourself.

Regions were given more autonomy.

Having a strong and eager interest in something.

He is an avid reader of science fiction novels.

To give up your position after being challenged.

The company backed down and withdrew the new fee.

The setting against which events take place.

The talks took place against a backdrop of rising tension.

A strong negative reaction from many people.

The new fee caused a public backlash against the airline.

Managing competing demands.

Leading a team is a balancing act.

To rely on something happening.

You cannot bank on good weather in April.

A large number of questions or criticisms at once.

The speaker faced a barrage of questions from journalists.

The interest rate set by central bank.

The central bank raised the base rate.

A standard used for comparison.

The score sets a new benchmark.

Kind and generous toward other people.

A benevolent donor paid for the school's new library.

A non-representative research sample.

A biased sample leads to wrong conclusions.

Involving two parties.

A bilateral trade agreement was signed.

Relating to biological measurements.

Biometric login uses fingerprints.

Without hope or promise; empty and cold.

The economic outlook for the region remains bleak.

A system of recording data in linked blocks.

Blockchain technology ensures secure transactions.

To support or strengthen something.

New evidence bolstered the case for tighter regulation.

To attack with a continuous flow of questions or information.

We are bombarded with advertising from the moment we wake.

A point of congestion slowing flow.

The approval process is a bottleneck.

Emigration of skilled workers.

Brain drain weakens developing economies.

A sudden important development.

Scientists made a major breakthrough.

The point just before something new or dangerous happens.

The company was on the brink of collapse last year.

A wide variety of things.

A broad range of topics is covered.

To improve skills you have not used for a while.

I need to brush up on my French before the trip.

Relating to bureaucracy.

Bureaucratic delays frustrate citizens.

Growing or developing very quickly.

The burgeoning tourism industry has created thousands of jobs.

Showing no sympathy for other people's suffering.

His callous remarks about the victims shocked everyone.

Friendship and trust among people who spend time together.

Soldiers often form a deep camaraderie during training.

An economic system based on private ownership.

Capitalism encourages competition and innovation.

To attract and hold attention.

Her speech captivated the audience.

A substance causing cancer.

Tobacco is a well-known carcinogen.

To create through effort.

She carved out a successful career.

An in-depth analysis of one subject.

The case study reveals management failures.

Causing sudden and very serious damage.

The oil spill had catastrophic effects on marine life.

An area draining into a river.

The catchment area was polluted.

An agreement to stop fighting for a period.

A ceasefire was announced after three days of talks.

Famous and widely admired by many people.

She is a celebrated author of historical novels.

To remove parts of a text that are considered unacceptable.

The state tried to censor news about the protests.

A special charm that attracts and inspires people.

The young leader won support through sheer charisma.

Mainly or mostly, but not completely.

Obesity is caused chiefly by diet and lack of exercise.

Unwilling to take risks.

Be circumspect in your claims.

To find a way around an obstacle.

They tried to circumvent the rules.

Relating to a city or citizenship.

Civic engagement strengthens democracy.

Rights of citizens to political and social freedom.

The civil rights movement fought for equality.

The gap between social classes.

Class divides limit social mobility.

A social hierarchy based on wealth or occupation.

The class system limits social mobility.

Relating to medical treatment.

Clinical trials test new medicines.

A union of groups for a purpose.

A coalition formed the government.

The state of existing together peacefully.

Different religions can coexist harmoniously.

Relating to mental processes.

Cognitive skills develop through reading.

A clear logical connection.

The essay lacks coherence.

The action of forming a united whole.

Social cohesion is essential for development.

United and working well together as a whole.

A cohesive team is more likely to reach its goals.

To happen at the same time as something else.

The festival coincides with the end of the harvest.

Property promised to a lender as security for a loan.

The bank asked for collateral before approving the loan.

Done by people acting as a group.

Collective action drives social change.

Policy of acquiring political control over others.

Colonialism had lasting effects on developing nations.

Extremely large in size or amount.

The project required a colossal investment of public money.

To begin or start.

The ceremony will commence at noon.

Corresponding in size or degree to something.

Salaries should be commensurate with experience and qualifications.

A raw material or primary agricultural product.

Oil is a globally traded commodity.

Very convincing or interesting.

She gave a compelling argument.

To make up for a loss.

Practice compensates for talent.

The ability to do something effectively.

Assess competency through practical tests.

Satisfied with oneself, often unaware.

Don't be complacent about your progress.

To add something that improves or completes another thing.

A light lemon sauce complements the flavour of the fish perfectly.

The state of having many interconnected parts.

The complexity of the issue requires experts.

The act of obeying a rule or law.

Firms must ensure compliance with the new safety standards.

Including everything needed.

The report is comprehensive.

To consist of parts.

The course comprises six modules.

To form an idea in the mind.

He conceived the project alone.

Relating to mental concepts.

The paper presents a conceptual framework.

Happening at the same time.

Concurrent processing speeds up computation.

Making a certain outcome likely to happen.

A quiet environment is conducive to studying.

To take something officially.

Security confiscated the prohibited items.

To follow rules, standards or accepted behaviour.

All products must conform to European safety standards.

An opinion formed without proof.

Any explanation for the delay is pure conjecture.

An idea suggested by a word beyond its literal meaning.

The word politician has negative connotations for some people.

Careful and hardworking.

She is a conscientious worker.

The state of being aware.

Human consciousness is complex.

Following one after another without a break.

The team won five consecutive matches this season.

General agreement among a group.

There is no consensus yet.

Following as a result.

The accident and its consequent injuries.

As a result; therefore.

The roads were icy; consequently, many accidents occurred.

To strengthen a position or merge things into one.

The firm hopes to consolidate its lead in Asia.

An area whose voters elect a representative.

The MP promised to visit every village in her constituency.

To limit somebody's freedom.

Time constrains our options.

A limitation or restriction.

Budget constraints limit our options.

Preoccupation with consumer goods.

Consumerism drives modern economies.

Spread by direct contact.

Flu is highly contagious.

To think about something seriously.

She contemplated a career change.

A feeling that someone is worthless and deserves no respect.

He treated the rules with open contempt.

Causing disagreement.

This is a contentious political issue.

Sharing a border or touching.

The two regions are contiguous.

A possible future event that must be planned for.

We have a contingency plan in case of heavy snow.

Depending on something that may or may not happen.

The loan is contingent on approval from the board.

A reduction in size or length.

Economic contraction leads to job losses.

To say the opposite of something.

The results contradict the theory.

A combination of statements that conflict.

There is a contradiction in his argument.

To create or arrange something cleverly or artificially.

They contrived a way to finish the project early.

To call people together for a formal meeting.

The council will convene on Monday to discuss the budget.

The process of coming together.

Cultural convergence is driven by globalization.

In an opposite way.

Conversely, small firms grew.

To communicate an idea or feeling.

The film conveys deep emotion.

A strong belief; a verdict of guilty.

Speak with conviction.

Warm and friendly.

The meeting had a cordial atmosphere.

A natural consequence of something.

Higher education is a corollary of modernization.

Relating to a large company or group.

Corporate responsibility includes environmental care.

To have a mutual relationship.

Poverty and crime often correlate.

A connection between two things.

There is a strong correlation.

To support a claim with further evidence.

Two witnesses corroborated his version of events.

To reduce the effect of.

Exercise counteracts a sedentary lifestyle.

Made in imitation; not genuine.

Counterfeit goods harm consumers.

A person or thing holding a similar position.

The minister met with his European counterpart.

Secret and not openly shown.

The film exposes covert surveillance by government agencies.

To act more strictly against illegal behaviour.

Police promised to crack down on illegal parking.

Able to be believed.

The witness seemed credible.

Minimum amount needed for a process.

The movement reached critical mass.

To end with an important event.

The course culminates in an exam.

Innovative and advanced.

She uses cutting-edge techniques.

Believing that people act only from selfish motives.

Voters have grown cynical about politicians' promises.

Inclination to believe people are motivated by self-interest.

Cynicism about politics is common.

Extracting patterns from large data.

Data mining reveals customer trends.

Based on data analysis.

A data-driven approach improves decisions.

Making you feel nervous or less confident.

Writing a thesis can seem a daunting task at first.

Making a person physically or mentally very weak.

She suffers from debilitating headaches several times a month.

To read or understand something unclear.

Historians are still trying to decipher the ancient script.

Having the ability to decide quickly.

A decisive leader inspires confidence.

An official order issued by a ruler or government.

The president issued a decree banning public gatherings.

To consider something to be of a certain kind.

The bridge was deemed unsafe and closed immediately.

An AI technique using neural networks.

Deep learning powers image recognition.

Making false statements harming reputation.

He sued the newspaper for defamation.

A person accused of a crime in court.

The defendant pleaded not guilty to all charges.

A lack of something essential.

Iron deficiency causes anemia.

The amount by which something is less than needed.

The government aims to reduce the budget deficit this year.

To turn aside blame, attention or an object.

The minister tried to deflect criticism by blaming the media.

Loss of water from the body.

Dehydration is dangerous in hot weather.

To give part of your work or power to another person.

Good managers know when to delegate tasks to others.

The process of assigning tasks to others.

Delegation is an important management skill.

Fragile; requiring sensitive handling.

Handle this delicate situation carefully.

The end or failure of something.

Cheap imports led to the demise of local factories.

Statistical study of populations.

Demography informs healthcare planning.

To be a sign of something.

A red light denotes danger.

To publicly criticise something as wrong or evil.

World leaders denounced the attack as a crime against humanity.

To show in a picture or words.

The novel depicts village life.

To reduce the amount of something greatly.

Overfishing has depleted fish stocks across the region.

Reduction of a resource.

Ozone depletion threatens life on Earth.

To strongly disapprove of something.

Critics deplore the decline of reading among teenagers.

The lack of material benefits.

Sleep deprivation affects cognitive performance.

To take something important away from someone.

Poor sleep deprives the brain of time to recover.

To officially assign to a role.

She was designated team leader.

Worth having; pleasing.

Flexibility is a desirable skill.

To become worse.

His health deteriorated quickly.

The theory that all events are predetermined.

Determinism challenges the concept of free will.

Causing harm or damage.

Lack of sleep is detrimental to health.

To destroy something or cause severe damage.

The floods devastated crops across the whole valley.

To move away from a standard.

Do not deviate from the plan.

Departure from the norm.

Any deviation from policy is unacceptable.

To invent a plan or method.

Engineers devised a cheaper way to purify water.

Completely lacking something that is usually present.

The desert landscape was devoid of any vegetation.

A division into two contrasting things.

There is a dichotomy between theory and practice.

Absolute rule by one person.

Dictatorships suppress basic freedoms.

Of or concerning diplomacy.

A diplomatic solution avoids conflict.

Extremely serious, urgent or terrible.

The refugees are in dire need of food and shelter.

To notice something with effort.

I could discern a pattern.

Careful not to attract attention or reveal secrets.

The bank is discreet about its clients' financial affairs.

A difference between two accounts.

There is a discrepancy in the figures.

The freedom to decide what should be done.

Use your discretion in difficult cases.

Treating as unworthy of consideration.

Don't be dismissive of other views.

To spread out in different directions.

Police ordered the crowd to disperse peacefully.

A person's natural tendencies and character.

She has a cheerful disposition and gets along with everyone.

To interrupt something so it cannot continue normally.

Heavy snow disrupted train services across the north.

Disturbance which interrupts normal activity.

Technology disruption reshapes industries.

Causing disruption.

Disruptive technology reshapes industries.

To spread information widely.

Research must be disseminated.

Disagreement with an official or common opinion.

The government has little tolerance for public dissent.

A long essay for a degree.

She submitted her dissertation last month.

The process of growing apart.

There is a growing divergence in opinion.

Power and influence over others.

Market dominance requires constant innovation.

Temporarily inactive but able to become active again.

The volcano has been dormant for over two centuries.

To reduce the size of a company.

The company downsized due to losses.

To continue for longer than necessary.

The negotiations dragged on for several months.

To use knowledge or experience.

Draw on past experience to solve problems.

Having two parts or aspects.

She holds dual citizenship.

Not completely honest or reliable; doubtful.

The company's accounts contain several dubious payments.

Deceitfulness in behavior.

His duplicity was eventually revealed.

Able to last a long time.

Buy durable furniture for long-term use.

To think or talk about something for too long.

It is unhelpful to dwell on past mistakes.

To become gradually smaller or weaker.

Support for the party has dwindled over the years.

Characterized by constant change and activity.

The tech industry is highly dynamic.

Learning via electronic technologies.

E-learning platforms offer flexible study.

Unconventional; unusual.

He is an eccentric but brilliant scientist.

Tourism to natural environments.

Ecotourism supports conservation.

Producing the intended result.

The treatment was highly efficacious.

The ability to produce the desired result.

The efficacy of the drug was confirmed.

To explain in more detail.

Could you elaborate on that point?

To get a reaction or information from someone.

The survey failed to elicit honest answers from respondents.

Belief in superiority of a select group.

Elitism undermines democratic values.

Hard to find, catch or achieve.

Success proved elusive for the young team.

To be a perfect example of an idea or quality.

The athlete embodies the spirit of fair play.

Famous and respected, especially in a profession.

An eminent professor will deliver the opening lecture.

The ability to understand another person's feelings.

Good doctors show empathy toward their frightened patients.

To give special importance to something.

She emphasized the need for teamwork.

Based on observation and experiment.

We need empirical evidence.

Theory based on observation and experiment.

Empiricism forms the basis of scientific method.

To match or surpass by imitation.

Students emulate successful role models.

To make something law.

Parliament enacted the reform.

To include a wide range.

The study encompasses ten regions.

The process of putting data into a code to keep it secret.

End-to-end encryption protects private messages.

A serious attempt to do something.

Their endeavour deserves respect.

Regularly found in a particular area.

Malaria is endemic in tropical regions.

Something or someone mysterious and hard to understand.

The origin of the manuscript remains an enigma.

The action of registering for a course.

Enrollment closes at the end of the month.

To happen afterwards, often as a result.

Chaos ensued when the lights suddenly went out.

To involve as a necessary part.

The job entails frequent travel.

The belief of having a right to something.

Equal access to education is a basic entitlement.

A thing with distinct existence.

A corporation is a legal entity.

Firmly established and difficult to change.

Corruption is deeply entrenched in the local administration.

To imagine something as a future possibility.

Few experts envisaged such a rapid fall in prices.

A state of balance between competing forces.

The economy reached a new equilibrium.

Fair and impartial.

An equitable distribution of resources.

Fairness and impartiality.

Educational equity ensures all students succeed.

To gradually wear away or weaken.

Heavy rain has eroded the soil on the hillside.

Gradual wearing away of land.

Soil erosion destroys farmland.

Wrong or based on a mistake.

The erroneous report caused unnecessary panic among investors.

Fundamentally.

This is essentially correct.

Respect and admiration for someone.

He is held in high esteem by his colleagues.

Relating to moral principles.

Ethical research requires informed consent.

A group sharing cultural characteristics.

Ethnicity and identity are closely linked.

To avoid something by cleverness or deception.

The company was accused of evading millions in taxes.

Used to say that something is clear from the facts.

Evidently, the old system was not working at all.

To bring a feeling to mind.

The song evokes childhood.

To make a problem worse.

Stress exacerbates the illness.

The action of keeping someone out.

Social exclusion increases inequality.

Not shared; restricted to one group.

This is exclusive information.

To illustrate with an example.

This case exemplifies the main principle.

Free from a rule or duty that applies to others.

Students are exempt from paying this particular fee.

Including everything.

An exhaustive study was conducted.

To make a process happen sooner.

Extra staff were hired to expedite visa applications.

Expert skill or knowledge in a field.

The project needs legal expertise.

Stated clearly and directly.

Give explicit instructions.

The use of resources for profit.

Exploitation of workers is unethical.

Increasing rapidly and proportionally.

Technology grows at an exponential rate.

Covering a large area or range.

Extensive research was conducted.

Coming from outside.

External factors affect business growth.

The dying out of a species.

Many species face extinction due to habitat loss.

Spending or costing much more than necessary.

They held an extravagant wedding that cost a fortune.

To invent in order to deceive.

He fabricated the data.

The action of inventing false information.

Academic fabrication is a serious offense.

Verifying the accuracy of claims.

Fact-checking counters misinformation.

A small group within a larger one.

A dissident faction opposed the policy.

To include something when you calculate or plan.

You should factor in travel costs when budgeting.

Trading practice supporting producers.

Buy fair trade products.

Just and impartial.

A fair-minded judge weighs all evidence.

To fail to happen as planned.

The deal will fall through without enough support.

Possible to do easily.

The plan is technically feasible.

A system where outputs affect inputs.

A feedback loop amplifies climate change.

A complete and embarrassing failure.

The product launch was a total fiasco.

Cables transmitting data as light.

Fiber optic networks offer fast speeds.

Faithfulness or accuracy in representation.

Fidelity to the original text is important.

Relating to government revenue and finances.

The government introduced fiscal reforms.

A natural talent for doing something well.

She has a flair for languages and design.

Lasting only a very short time.

I caught only a fleeting glimpse of the thief.

To change often and irregularly.

Prices fluctuate every season.

Irregular rising and falling.

Oil price fluctuations affect economies.

The center of attention.

Education is the focal point of this policy.

Assessment supporting learning.

Formative assessment guides teaching.

Inspiring fear or respect because of size or power.

The team faces a formidable opponent in the final.

To express an idea carefully.

Formulate your question clearly.

The action of creating something carefully.

The formulation of policy requires expert input.

About to happen; cooperative.

The results will be forthcoming.

Fuels formed from ancient organic matter.

Fossil fuels cause significant pollution.

To encourage the growth of something.

Reading fosters imagination.

The process of breaking into small parts.

Fragmentation of society undermines cohesion.

Broken into separate parts that lack unity.

The opposition remains fragmented and unable to agree on a leader.

An economy with minimal government control.

Free markets promote competition.

Resistance; conflict between people.

Friction between departments slows progress.

Careful about spending money or using resources.

He lived a frugal life and saved most of his salary.

A person who is running away to avoid capture.

The fugitive was caught at the border after three days.

In addition; moreover.

Furthermore, this approach saves time.

Having no chance of success.

All attempts to repair the old engine proved futile.

Difference between men and women in opportunities.

Close the gender gap in education.

Politics influenced by geography.

Oil shapes global geopolitics.

Heat from within the Earth.

Iceland uses geothermal energy.

Relating to old age.

Geriatric care is increasingly needed.

The main point of something.

I only caught the gist of his long explanation.

Invisible barrier limiting promotion.

Women still face glass ceiling at work.

To exceed limits.

Go beyond the basic requirements.

The action or manner of governing.

Good governance ensures justice.

To struggle to deal with a difficult problem.

Cities around the world are grappling with traffic congestion.

To give pleasure or satisfaction to someone.

It was gratifying to see the students succeed at last.

A cause for complaint.

Employees raised grievances with management.

Very serious, unpleasant or depressing.

Doctors delivered grim news about the patient's condition.

The foundational work.

Lay the groundwork before starting.

Lacking any plan or order.

The files were stored in a haphazard way.

To bring into agreement.

Harmonize the different policies.

Dangerous, especially to health or safety.

Workers handle hazardous chemicals every single day.

As a result; therefore.

The system failed; hence the delay.

Arranged in a hierarchy.

Hierarchical organizations have clear ranks.

A system of ranks.

The company has a flat hierarchy.

Understanding of an event after it has happened.

With hindsight, we should have saved more money.

To depend completely on something.

The whole project hinges on getting funding this month.

Treating the whole rather than parts.

A holistic approach improves outcomes.

Of the same kind throughout.

A homogeneous sample ensures accuracy.

Rights inherent to all human beings.

Human rights must be protected globally.

Showing kindness and care toward people or animals.

Prisoners should be treated in a humane way.

The quality of not thinking you are better than others.

The champion accepted the victory with great humility.

Pretending to have beliefs that you do not hold.

Critics accused the senator of hypocrisy over the scandal.

An idea to be tested.

The hypothesis was rejected.

Very famous and seen as a symbol of something.

The Eiffel Tower is an iconic landmark of Paris.

The practice of pursuing high ideals.

Her idealism inspired her students.

Not allowed by law or accepted rules.

Police seized a large quantity of illicit drugs.

To light up a place or make a subject clearer.

The case study illuminates the problems that migrants face.

Coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

Immigration policies are often controversial.

Without any mistakes or faults.

Her English is impeccable after years in London.

To slow down progress.

Poor roads impede trade.

About to happen soon, often something bad.

Residents were warned of the impending storm.

Suggested but not stated directly.

There was implicit criticism.

Unconscious prejudice.

Implicit bias affects hiring decisions.

To force a rule or opinion on people.

The government imposed a ban on plastic bags.

Done without planning or preparation.

He gave an impromptu speech at the dinner.

The beginning of something.

The company has grown since inception.

The rate of occurrence of a disease.

The incidence of diabetes is rising.

A natural tendency to do something.

He has an inclination towards science.

Having a tendency to do or feel something.

Many young people are inclined to trust online reviews.

The practice of providing equal access.

Inclusion in education benefits all students.

Including everyone; not excluding.

Inclusive education benefits all students.

Unable to exist or work together.

His working hours are incompatible with family life.

Not staying the same throughout.

Inconsistent results undermine the study.

To include as part of a whole.

Incorporate feedback into the draft.

Showing no interest or concern.

Many voters seem indifferent to the election result.

Originating in a particular place.

Indigenous cultures must be preserved.

Absolutely necessary.

A good dictionary is indispensable.

To cause a state or reaction.

Heat induces tiredness.

In a way that cannot be avoided.

Inevitably, prices rose again when demand increased sharply.

A conclusion reached by reasoning.

Draw an inference from the data provided.

To secretly enter a group to gain information or influence.

Agents infiltrated the group to gather evidence of fraud.

A localized physical condition of redness.

Anti-inflammatory drugs reduce swelling.

To break a law or limit someone's rights.

The ban infringes citizens' right to free speech.

To live in a particular place.

Rare birds inhabit the wetlands near the coast.

Existing as a natural part.

Risk is inherent in trading.

A risk that cannot be avoided.

Investing carries inherent risk.

In a permanent, essential manner.

Change is inherently difficult for humans.

To prevent or slow down a process.

Fear of failure can inhibit creativity in the classroom.

At the beginning.

Initially, the plan was rejected.

Present from birth rather than learned.

Some researchers argue that language ability is innate.

Introducing new ideas.

They use innovative methods.

A formal investigation into an event or problem.

A public inquiry was launched into the cause of the fire.

An established organization or practice.

Democratic institutions must be protected.

Interested only in your own group or country.

The village remained insular and suspicious of outsiders.

Unable to be touched; vague.

Trust is an intangible but valuable asset.

Necessary and important as part of a whole.

Exercise is an integral part of a healthy lifestyle.

The combining of things into a whole.

Social integration promotes unity.

Relating to the intellect or reason.

Intellectual development requires reading widely.

To exchange things.

Ideas interchange freely in academia.

Temporary, until a permanent solution is found.

An interim manager will lead the team until June.

Of or on the inside.

Internal communication improved team results.

Work experience as part of training.

She completed an internship at a law firm.

To step in to change what is happening.

The government had to intervene to stop prices rising.

Interference in a situation to improve it.

Early intervention prevents long-term problems.

To frighten someone so they do what you want.

Witnesses said they were intimidated by the defendants.

Having many small connected parts.

The design is intricate.

Belonging naturally to something.

Curiosity has intrinsic value.

To examine one's own thoughts.

Introspect before making big decisions.

The ability to understand without conscious reasoning.

Trust your intuition when making decisions.

Based on instinct, or easy to use without instructions.

The app has a clean and intuitive design.

To overwhelm with a very large amount.

Our office was inundated with applications within hours.

Always happening, without any exception.

Cheap products invariably break after a few months.

To solve small problems in a plan or system.

We still have to iron out a few technical problems.

Not connected with or important to the subject.

His age is irrelevant to whether he can do the job.

Impossible to change, cancel or undo.

Signing the contract was an irrevocable decision.

Special words used by a profession that others find hard to follow.

The report is full of technical jargon.

To put in danger.

Poor decisions jeopardize the project.

The official power to make legal decisions.

This court has jurisdiction over civil cases.

To start a fire or arouse a feeling.

The teacher's stories kindled his interest in history.

The supply and demand for workers.

Labor market trends shift with technology.

To express sadness or disappointment about something.

Farmers lament the lack of rain this spring.

To attack someone suddenly with words or blows.

He lashed out at reporters for criticising his team.

Very generous or expensive, often to excess.

The hotel hosted a lavish party for its owners.

Allowed by law or reasonable.

That is a legitimate concern.

Less strict than expected, especially in punishing.

The judge was lenient because it was his first offence.

Use something to maximum advantage.

Tech companies leverage artificial intelligence to automate customer service.

Legal responsibility, or something that causes problems.

The company accepted liability for the damage to the building.

Willing to respect freedom and individual rights.

Liberal policies support individual freedoms.

In the same way; also.

Likewise, students must follow the rules.

A restriction on size or amount.

Every method has its limitations.

To stay or last longer than expected.

The smell of smoke lingered in the room for days.

Relating to language or linguistics.

Linguistic diversity is a cultural treasure.

The process of taking legal action.

Litigation is expensive and time-consuming.

Wage sufficient for basic living costs.

Demand a living wage for all workers.

Long life.

Good diet contributes to longevity.

Producing a great deal of profit.

The tech industry offers lucrative career options.

So unreasonable that it is funny.

The idea of walking to work in deep snow is ludicrous.

The wish to harm other people.

The attack was carried out with deliberate malice.

Suffering from malnutrition.

Malnourished children need urgent aid.

Lack of proper nutrition.

Malnutrition affects children's development.

An official order given by authority.

The UN mandate was renewed for six months.

Required by law or rules.

Wearing a helmet is mandatory on this site.

To show clearly.

Stress manifests in many ways.

To control or influence someone in a clever, unfair way.

Advertisers manipulate emotions to sell their products.

Small and not very important.

The new law brought only a marginal improvement.

A system of parts working together.

Explain the mechanism of this process.

To help two sides reach an agreement.

The UN sent envoys to mediate between the two countries.

Intervention to bring about agreement.

Mediation resolved the dispute peacefully.

Not very good; of only average quality.

The film received mediocre reviews from critics.

The process of converting food to energy.

A fast metabolism helps maintain weight.

Very careful about details.

She keeps meticulous records.

To copy the way someone speaks or behaves.

Young children often mimic the adults around them.

Extremely small in size or amount.

The risk of serious side effects is minuscule.

A mistaken belief.

Address common misconceptions about vaccines.

Unacceptable or improper behavior.

Misconduct in exams leads to disqualification.

To understand or interpret something in the wrong way.

Her silence was misconstrued as agreement by the committee.

To make something less harmful.

Trees mitigate summer heat.

The action of reducing severity.

Mitigation strategies slow climate change.

To organize for action.

The government mobilized resources.

Exclusive control of a commodity or service.

Tech monopolies raise competition concerns.

Dull because of a lack of variety.

The factory work was monotonous and badly paid.

Felt or done by each toward the other.

They have mutual respect for each other.

A spoken or written account of events.

The narrative structure guides the reader.

Advocacy of political independence for a nation.

Nationalism can unite or divide societies.

Failure to take proper care.

Medical negligence led to a lawsuit.

So small as to be unimportant.

The cost difference is negligible.

In spite of that; however.

Nevertheless, they continued working.

Failure to comply with rules.

Noncompliance leads to penalties.

Despite what has just been said.

The project was difficult; nonetheless, they succeeded.

A sentimental longing for the past.

Old photographs filled him with nostalgia for his childhood.

Used to point out an important example.

Several countries, notably Japan, have ageing populations.

An idea or belief.

Reject the notion of easy success.

Famous for something bad or shameful.

The area is notorious for its heavy traffic.

A very small difference in meaning.

The translation lost the nuance.

To care for and encourage the growth of someone.

Good teachers nurture talent as well as knowledge.

A reason for disapproving.

Raise your objections before the vote.

An act required by moral or legal duty.

Everyone has an obligation to pay taxes.

Not aware of what is happening around you.

He was oblivious to the danger he was in.

Not well known or not easy to understand.

The poet remained obscure until after his death.

Becoming obsolete.

Print media is obsolescent.

To block a path or prevent progress.

Parked cars obstructed the entrance to the hospital.

To balance one effect with another.

Savings offset the higher cost.

Suggesting that something bad will happen.

Dark clouds gathered, an ominous sign for the picnic.

To leave something out, on purpose or by accident.

Please do not omit any details from your report.

Not clear; difficult to see through or understand.

The company's accounting methods were deliberately opaque.

To treat people in a cruel and unfair way.

The regime oppressed ethnic minorities for decades.

Prolonged cruel treatment of a group.

Oppression of minorities violates human rights.

Best or most favorable.

Find the optimal solution for efficiency.

The direction of an object or position.

Career orientation helps students choose paths.

Following traditional or generally accepted beliefs.

Her ideas challenge orthodox views in economics.

Very strange, unusual or hard to believe.

The theory sounded outlandish at first but proved correct.

To affect someone so strongly that they cannot cope.

New students can feel overwhelmed by the amount of work.

To admit that you have done something wrong.

Nobody would own up to breaking the window.

The protective layer of ozone in the atmosphere.

The ozone layer filters harmful UV rays.

Relieving pain without curing.

Palliative care improves quality of life.

To develop or end in a particular way.

Not all of our plans panned out as expected.

An epidemic spread over multiple countries.

COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic.

A typical model of something.

The paradigm has shifted.

The state of being equal, especially in pay or status.

Women are still fighting for pay parity in many sectors.

Strongly supporting one side, often without fairness.

The newspaper was accused of partisan reporting.

Policy of restricting freedoms for people's benefit.

Government paternalism is controversial.

Devotion to one's country.

Patriotism unites citizens.

Support given to an organization or person.

Corporate patronage funds many arts programs.

The method and practice of teaching.

Innovative pedagogy engages students.

Evaluated by experts before publication.

Only cite peer-reviewed sources.

To punish someone or put them at a disadvantage.

Schools should not penalize pupils for honest mistakes.

To become aware through the senses.

How do you perceive the current situation?

Not central; on the edge of something.

These issues are peripheral to the main argument.

To spread through every part of something.

A sense of anxiety permeated the whole office.

Continuing forever without stopping.

Perpetual peace remains an ideal.

To make something continue indefinitely.

Media can perpetuate harmful stereotypes.

To confuse someone with something difficult.

The results perplexed even the most experienced researchers.

To continue trying despite difficulties.

Students who persevere usually reach their goals.

The quality of continuing steadfastly.

Persistence is key to achieving long-term goals.

Spreading widely throughout.

Technology has a pervasive influence.

To stop using something gradually over time.

The city plans to phase out diesel buses by 2030.

Charitable giving to promote welfare.

His philanthropy funded hospitals and schools.

A hidden danger or difficulty.

The guide explains the common pitfalls of online shopping.

Of crucial importance.

This was a pivotal moment in history.

Seeming reasonable or probable.

That is a plausible explanation.

To make something seem less important than it is.

Officials tried to play down the seriousness of the leak.

To promise something in a serious, formal way.

Leaders pledged to cut carbon emissions by half.

A difficult situation causing suffering.

The film highlights the plight of homeless families.

Characterized by multiple groups.

A pluralistic society values diversity.

To divide into two opposing groups.

The issue has polarized society.

To think carefully about something.

She pondered the offer for several days.

Political approach appealing to ordinary people.

Populism rises in times of inequality.

To assume something as a basis.

He postulated a new theory.

A practical approach to problems.

Pragmatism drives effective leadership.

A measure taken to prevent harm.

Take precautions to stay safe online.

Priority in order of importance.

Safety takes precedence over speed.

The quality of being exact.

Scientific measurements require precision.

A person who held a job before another.

The new director reversed many of her predecessor's policies.

A difficult situation with no easy solution.

He found himself in an awkward predicament.

Present as the strongest element.

English is the predominant language.

Causing harm or disadvantage.

Prejudicial attitudes harm education.

Coming before the main part.

Preliminary results look good.

A statement an argument is based on.

The premise is questionable.

Respected and admired for high status.

She won a place at a prestigious university.

Used when you think something is probably true.

Presumably the shop will open again next week.

To assume in advance.

The argument presupposes prior knowledge.

To be most common, or to win.

Common sense prevailed.

The action of stopping something from happening.

Disease prevention saves lives.

Above all; mainly.

The disease primarily affects older adults.

To arrange in order of importance.

Prioritize tasks based on urgency.

In its original, clean condition.

The island has miles of pristine, empty beaches.

Creating or controlling a situation.

Be proactive in solving problems.

Competence or skill in doing something.

Language proficiency opens global opportunities.

Very great or deep in effect or feeling.

The internet has had a profound effect on education.

The process of writing computer code.

Programming skills are in high demand.

Favoring reform and new ideas.

Progressive education adapts to student needs.

Producing many works or results.

She is a prolific writer with over forty novels.

Likely to suffer from or do something.

Old houses are often prone to damp.

Designed to prevent disease.

Prophylactic medicine reduces disease risk.

A person who supports an idea.

She is a proponent of reform.

A statement that expresses an idea.

Evaluate the proposition before accepting it.

The state of being successful and rich.

Education leads to personal prosperity.

The main character in a story.

The protagonist of the novel is a young teacher.

Of a province; narrow-minded or unsophisticated.

He grew up in a quiet provincial town.

The action of providing something.

Provision of clean water is essential.

Intended to cause a strong reaction.

Her provocative article started a heated national debate.

Careful good judgement, especially with money.

Financial prudence helped the family survive the crisis.

To measure or express an amount.

It is hard to quantify the benefits of friendship.

Isolation to prevent disease spread.

Travelers were placed in quarantine.

To stop something, especially a disturbance or feeling.

Police used force to quell the riots.

Prejudice based on race.

Racism causes significant social harm.

Very new and different, or extreme in political views.

The school introduced radical changes to its curriculum.

Spreading quickly and without any control.

Corruption was rampant in the city administration.

A close and harmonious relationship.

Teachers need to build a good rapport with students.

To give formal consent.

Parliament ratified the treaty.

A set of reasons for a course of action.

Explain the rationale behind your decision.

To damage something very badly.

War has ravaged the country for over a decade.

Showing desire to resist authority.

Rebellious behavior disrupts class.

To move back or become weaker.

The floodwaters slowly receded over the next week.

Willing to receive new ideas.

A receptive audience is a joy to address.

Given by both sides equally.

They signed a reciprocal agreement.

To believe or guess that something is true.

I reckon the meeting will finish before noon.

To make two opposing ideas or people agree.

It is hard to reconcile work and family life.

To consider something again.

Please reconsider your decision.

To correct something wrong.

Rectify the errors in the report.

To make something less bad by a good quality or action.

His generous offer redeemed an otherwise poor performance.

To give a new definition.

Technology redefines communication.

The loss of a job because it is no longer needed.

The merger led to hundreds of redundancies.

Not needed, or repeated.

Remove redundant sentences.

A public vote on a single political question.

Voters will decide the issue in a national referendum.

To stop yourself from doing something.

Please refrain from using your phones during the exam.

To prove something is false.

New data refute the claim.

A government, especially an undemocratic one.

The regime banned all independent newspapers and radio stations.

A return to a former state.

Economic regression follows a recession.

To control by rules.

The state regulates banks.

To restore someone to health or a normal life.

The programme helps prisoners rehabilitate and find work.

To make stronger.

Practice reinforces memory.

Strengthening or supporting something.

Positive reinforcement encourages good behavior.

To restore to a previous position.

He was reinstated after the appeal.

Creating something new.

The reinvention of the industry began.

To say something again for emphasis.

The minister reiterated that taxes would not rise.

Doctrine that truth is relative.

Cultural relativism avoids ethnocentrism.

To move someone or something to a lower position.

The club was relegated after a terrible season.

Unceasingly intense or harsh.

She showed relentless dedication.

The quality of being connected.

Ensure the relevance of your examples.

To give up a position or claim.

He refused to relinquish control of the company.

In a way that is noteworthy.

She performed remarkably well.

A period when disease symptoms reduce.

The cancer went into remission.

A small part that is left after the rest has gone.

Only a few remnants of the old wall survive.

A period of revival or renewal.

The Renaissance transformed European art.

To cause to become.

The rain rendered the road unsafe.

Known and admired by many people.

The city is renowned for its beautiful architecture.

An indirect effect of an action.

Every decision has repercussions.

To fill something up again.

Forests help replenish groundwater supplies in dry regions.

To reproduce or copy.

Try to replicate the experiment.

To control by force or prevent from being expressed.

The regime repressed all forms of political opposition.

The act of leaving a position.

She submitted her resignation.

The ability to recover quickly.

Resilience matters in hard times.

A firm decision to do something.

The resolution was passed unanimously.

To have a strong effect on.

Her message resonated with the audience.

The action of returning something to its original state.

Restoration of the ecosystem takes decades.

To take revenge.

Don't retaliate; respond professionally.

The art of effective speaking and writing.

His speech was full of empty rhetoric.

Lack of flexibility.

Organizational rigidity limits innovation.

Extremely thorough and careful.

Rigorous research requires careful method.

The fundamental cause of a problem.

Find the root cause before solving.

Learning by memorization.

Rote learning doesn't develop critical thinking.

Principle that law applies to everyone.

The rule of law protects citizens.

Number of observations in a study.

A larger sample size improves accuracy.

An object orbiting a planet.

Satellites provide GPS navigation.

To reduce the size or amount of something.

The company had to scale back its plans after losses.

To increase in size or extent.

Scale up production to meet demand.

Examine or inspect closely and thoroughly.

Scientists scrutinize the research data before publishing.

Careful and detailed examination.

The budget faced close scrutiny.

Separation of religion from government.

Secularism ensures religious freedom.

Involving a lot of sitting and little exercise.

A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of heart disease.

Matter deposited by water or wind.

Sediment blocks river channels.

The enforced separation of groups.

Racial segregation was abolished in the 1960s.

Lacking foresight.

Short-sighted policies cause long-term harm.

To avoid something because you feel nervous about it.

Many politicians shy away from discussing tax rises.

To imitate a situation.

Simulate the process to test outcomes.

Imitation of a real process.

Flight simulators train pilots safely.

To choose one person or thing from a group.

The report singled out the health sector for praise.

A person who questions claims.

A healthy skeptic demands evidence.

Not easily convinced.

Be skeptical of unverified claims.

Questioning the truth of claims.

Scientific skepticism drives discovery.

Expected behaviors in society.

Social norms regulate behavior.

Influence through culture and values.

Culture is a form of soft power.

Device converting sunlight to electricity.

Solar panels are becoming cheaper.

To state or describe exactly.

Please specify the requirements.

To guess without full evidence.

Analysts speculate about prices.

The forming of a theory without firm evidence.

There is much speculation about the cause.

Happening only at irregular and unpredictable times.

There were sporadic outbreaks of violence in the city.

Not likely to change or fall.

The economy needs a stable political system.

A person with an interest.

Consult all stakeholders before deciding.

The current state of affairs.

Some people resist changing the status quo.

A fixed image of a group of people.

Challenging stereotypes promotes equality.

To cause an interest or response.

Reading stimulates the imagination.

To state as a condition.

The contract stipulates a deadline.

To simplify a process.

Streamline operations to cut costs.

Testing performance under pressure.

Conduct a stress test before launch.

Based on personal opinion.

Feedback can be subjective.

To bring under control forcefully.

Oppressive regimes subjugate people.

Afterward; after that.

He was hired and subsequently promoted.

Money given by a government to help.

Farmers receive a small subsidy.

To a great extent.

Costs were substantially reduced.

To prove with evidence.

Substantiate your claim with data.

To use or serve in place of another.

You can substitute butter with olive oil.

To replace something older.

Digital maps superseded paper ones.

Network of supply and distribution.

Disruptions in the supply chain caused shortages.

According to what people say, though it may not be true.

The cure was supposedly discovered by accident.

To stop something by force.

The drug suppresses the symptoms.

The careful watching of a person or place.

Public surveillance raises serious privacy concerns.

Likely to be affected.

Children are susceptible to infections.

Done according to a fixed plan.

Follow a systematic approach to research.

A tax on goods imported from another country.

The new tariff raised the price of imported steel.

Holding firm to a purpose.

A tenacious researcher never gives up.

A state of being stretched or strained.

There is tension between freedom and security.

Not certain or final; made without full confidence.

The two sides reached a tentative agreement on Friday evening.

A formal statement of evidence.

The witness gave testimony in court.

Concerned with principles rather than practice.

The course covers both theoretical and applied knowledge.

By that means.

Costs fell, thereby raising profit.

To grow and develop well.

Children thrive in supportive environments.

The point at which change becomes unstoppable.

Climate change may reach a tipping point.

Making only a symbolic effort.

Tokenism is not genuine inclusion.

Willingness to accept different views.

Cultural tolerance promotes peaceful coexistence.

To make something less extreme or offensive.

The editor asked him to tone down the criticism.

Poisonous or very harmful.

Toxic chemicals contaminate water supplies.

Easy to manage.

Is this a tractable problem?

The path of development of something over time.

The country's economic trajectory has been strongly upward.

An instance of buying or selling.

Complete the transaction within 24 hours.

Lasting only for a short time before changing.

Many cities have a large transient population of seasonal workers.

A semiconductor device controlling current.

Transistors are the building blocks of electronics.

Open and not hiding information.

Governments must be transparent.

Of little importance.

Don't waste time on trivial matters.

To diagnose and fix problems.

Call support to troubleshoot the issue.

Irregular fluctuations in flow.

Economic turbulence affects investor confidence.

Instruction given to a student.

Watch the tutorial video before class.

In a way that is representative.

Temperatures typically rise in summer.

Fully in agreement.

The vote was unanimous.

Lying beneath the surface.

The underlying cause is poverty.

To weaken gradually.

Rumours undermine trust.

Used to say that something is certainly true.

Undoubtedly, education plays a key role in reducing poverty.

Not conforming to moral standards.

Unethical research violates human rights.

Applicable to all cases.

Human rights are universal values.

Never having happened before.

Growth reached unprecedented levels.

Not able to be defended.

His position was untenable.

A violent change.

The revolution caused social upheaval.

To make practical use of something.

Utilize available resources effectively.

Treatment with a vaccine to immunize.

Childhood vaccination prevents many diseases.

To demonstrate the validity of something.

The experiment validated our hypothesis.

The quality of being logically sound.

Check the validity of your argument.

An element that can change in an experiment.

Control variables to ensure accuracy.

Able to work successfully.

Solar power is now viable.

The action of keeping careful watch.

Constant vigilance prevents security breaches.

Ethics based on character.

Virtue ethics focuses on being a good person.

Relating to training for a particular job or trade.

Vocational courses prepare students for skilled work.

To make a plan or law weaker and less effective.

Lobbyists managed to water down the original proposal.

Technology worn on the body.

Wearables track health data continuously.

To remove unwanted or unsuitable people or things.

The test is designed to weed out weaker candidates.

A person who exposes wrongdoing inside an organisation.

The whistleblower revealed that the firm had hidden safety problems.

Found or distributed over a large area.

Internet access is widespread in cities.

Fear or hatred of foreigners.

Xenophobia undermines multicultural societies.